Synovial membrane protein expression differs between juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes in early disease

Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatological disease of childhood with a prevalence of around 1 in 1,000. Without appropriate treatment it can have devastating consequences including permanent disability from joint destruction and growth deformities. Disease aetiology remains unknown. Investigation of disease pathology at the level of the synovial membrane is required if we want to begin to understand the disease at the molecular and biochemical level. The synovial membrane proteome from early disease-stage, treatment naive JIA patients was compared between polyarticular and oligoarticular subgroups. Methods: Protein was extracted from 15 newly diagnosed, treatment naive JIA synovial membrane biopsies and separated by two dimensional fluorescent difference in-gel electrophoresis. Proteins displaying a two-fold or greater change in expression levels between the two subgroups were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry with expression further verified by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: Analysis of variance analysis (P ≤ 0.05) revealed 25 protein spots with a two-fold or greater difference in expression levels between polyarticular and oligoarticular patients. Hierarchical cluster analysis with Pearson ranked correlation revealed two distinctive clusters of proteins. Some of the proteins that were differentially expressed included: integrin alpha 2b (P = 0.04); fibrinogen D fragment (P = 0.005); collagen type VI (P = 0.03); fibrinogen gamma chain (P = 0.05) and peroxiredoxin 2 (P = 0.02). The identified proteins are involved in a number of different processes including platelet activation and the coagulation system. Conclusions: The data indicate distinct synovial membrane proteome profiles between JIA subgroups at an early stage in the disease process. The identified proteins also provide insight into differentially perturbed pathways which could influence pathological events at the joint level

Synovial membrane protein expression differs between juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtypes in early disease

Many countries in the global market offer similar things, so it is important to increase competitivity in a way that assures and strengthens economic growth. Buyers are constantly on the lookout for better products, products that better meet their needs, so good branding is very important for a country. The creation of a national brand by establishing what makes us different is important for better positioning within the market and a better national brand. The study looks at the importance of national branding in today?s global market and strategies to ensure that the brand is sustainable. Many countries are today working on their national brand and there exist many strategies for assuming a clear position in the market and ways in which this position can be strengthened.En el mercado internacional existen países que tienen características similares de oferta; por tanto, es conveniente establecer una ventaja sobre los competidores de manera que asegure y fortalezca el crecimiento económico. Los compradores buscarán los productos que tengan los mejores atributos, tangibles e intangibles, que aseguren la satisfacción de sus necesidades. El establecimiento de una marca país, entonces, se hace conveniente, para lo cual es necesario realizar una serie de actividades (diferenciación) para generar un país (marca) posicionado. La marca es consecuencia de diversas actividades nacionales. En tal sentido, se identifica la connotación que tiene la marca país en el comercio internacional, y las actividades necesarias para establecer una marca país sostenible. Establecer una marca es un esfuerzo que en estos momentos están realizando muchos países; así mismo, existen una diversidad de esfuerzos para medir si se tiene clara una posición y lo que es necesario para que se consolide.No mercado internacional, existem países que têm características similares de oferta; portanto, é conveniente estabelecer uma vantagem sobre os concorrentes de maneira que garanta e fortaleça o crescimento econômico. Os compradores procurarão os produtos que tiverem os melhores atributos, tangíveis e intangíveis, que garantam a satisfação de suas necessidades. O estabelecimento de uma marca país, então, faz-se conveniente e, para isso, é necessário realizar uma série de atividades (diferenciação) para gerar um país (marca) posicionado. A marca é consequência de diversas atividades nacionais. Nesse sentido, identifica-se a conotação que a marca país tem no comércio internacional e as atividades necessárias para estabelecer uma marca país sustentável. Estabelecer uma marca é um esforço que nestes momentos estão realizando muitos países; além disso, existe uma diversidade de esforços para medir se se tem clara uma posição e o que é necessário para que se consolide

Protein expression profiling during chick retinal maturation: a proteomics-based approach

Background The underlying pathways that drive retinal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis are still relatively poorly understood. Protein expression analysis can provide direct insight into these complex developmental processes. The aim of this study was therefore to employ proteomic analysis to study the developing chick retina throughout embryonic (E) development commencing at day 12 through 13, 17, 19 and post-hatch (P) 1 and 33 days. Results 2D proteomic and mass spectrometric analysis detected an average of 1514 spots per gel with 15 spots demonstrating either modulation or constitutive expression identified via MS. Proteins identified included alpha and beta-tubulin, alpha enolase, B-creatine kinase, gamma-actin, platelet-activating factor (PAF), PREDICTED: similar to TGF-beta interacting protein 1, capping protein (actin filament muscle Z line), nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, triosphoaphate isomerase, DJ1, stathmin, fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7/B-FABP), beta-synuclein and enhancer of rudimentary homologue. Conclusion This study builds upon previous proteomic investigations of retinal development and represents the addition of a unique data set to those previously reported. Based on reported bioactivity some of the identified proteins are most likely to be important to normal retinal development in the chick. Continued analysis of the dynamic protein populations present at the early stages and throughout retinal development will increase our understanding of the molecular events underpinning retinogenesis